Implementing Bullying Awareness Programs A Bright Change...

A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. Dan Olweus (Olweus1). Bullying effects millions of kids on a daily basis and will most likely never cease to stop. According to international studies, bullying is common and affects anywhere from nine to fifty-four percent of children (Parker-Pope). Statistics also show that seventeen percent of students in grades sixth through tenth reported having been bullied sometimes or more with eight percent being bullied once a week, and ninteen percent said they had been a bully to others sometimes or more (Olweus2). Bullying has the capability of†¦show more content†¦Further, schools face a difficult situation when handling such bullys. In some cases, a school may develop a repuatation as an environment of fear and disrespect (Olweus2). Students also perceive that teachers and staff have lit tle control, consequently believing that they do not care about them. It also affects students learning abilities as well as feeling secure in school. School bullying is more frequent due to the lack of awareness right adults have (Smith2). The subject of bullying is brought to the attention of all because of its harmful consequences. Many have taken their own lives because of constitant harassment and neglegance. No human being should have to suffer like that because of somebody else, thus reitterating the importance of teaching kids young the importance of not bullying others, and to implent these programs for those who are. Websters dictionary definition of the word harm is that of physical or psychological injury or damage. Bullying and harassment go hand in hand with the word harm. Students who are bullied are more likely to experience depression, low self-esteem, health problems, poor grades, and suicidal thoughts (Olweus4). People who are harassed usually can feel unconfident , have poor assertive skills, poor handling of situations and have frequent anxiety (Smith3). Children who are bullied at school risk continuing misery and loss of self esteem, with possible long term effects (Smith3). Boulton and Smith had found that at middleShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Columbine Massacre and Increase Regulations Since Then2442 Words   |  10 Pagesthe help of a timeline of the shooting that included several witness accounts and police reports, numerous flaws in police tactics were found and altered, laws were passed to restrict gun possession, and anti-bullying campaigns were created to help raise awareness, identify, and prevent future attacks. 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Jerry Coyne s Why Evolution Is True - 3477 Words

Jerry Coyne’s Why Evolution Is True? Sainte Leo University Mallory Ansel Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the theory of evolution and the concepts applied throughout the chapters of Jerry A. Coyne’s, Why Evolution is True. In each section, I will summarize the chapter, explain what the contents of that chapter mean to me, and explain how I apply them to my belief system. You may notice throughout the paper I switch between support of evolution and support of creationism; and this is because it is truly how I stand on the subject. Jerry Coyne’s Why Evolution Is True? Evolution is the process by which all species have gradually developed from a singular common ancestor. The evolutionary theory has developed over time; it states that all species (mammals, insects, birds and reptiles alike) all originated from a single celled organism that existed roughly 3.8 billion years ago. 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Why Parenting Is More Important That School Free Essays

According to Annie Murphy Paul and the studies done by the University Of California-Irvine, North Carolina State University, and Brigham University, parental involvement in their children’s academic life such as checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Research also reveals something else: the parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an edge. Engaging in this reciprocal back-and- forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them a sense that their thoughts and opinion matter. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Parenting Is More Important That School or any similar topic only for you Order Now All parents need to do is talk. My position on this issue presented by Annie Murphy Paul is one of agreement. I concur that talking to your children and engaging in their academic life can have a positive effect in their school performance. All the research that were mentioned in Paul’s article reinforced and supported the claim that students perform better or are more interested in their school work if their parents are involved and show interest in their school activities. As the article mentioned, background and digital devices are not a guarantee for good grades; neither are paying for an expensive private school or tutoring. What it comes down to is interaction, talking. I believe this to be true. When a child sees their parents’ involvement in their academia they feel a sense of importance. In my line of work I come across children and parents who come from a variety of backgrounds. Sometimes I see children and the amount of involvement that their parents play in their academic growth show through the amount of information that the child is able to retain. The multiracial children that I’ve come across who have difficulty reading and writing have this problem because of their parents inability to speak English properly (Hispanic decent) or because of the limited amount of involvement in their child’s education progression. As a child growing up my parents’ involvement with my academics were very limited. They didn’t give me the impression that exerting great achievement in my school work was necessary so I didn’t feel the need to go to college immediately after high school. Looking back now that I’m an adult I wish they had. I feel that if they pushed me harder or talked to me and encouraged me to pursue a college career after high school it would’ve saved me a whole lot of stress as an adult, now that I’m trying to pursue my college degree. As a parent now, I throw myself into my children’s academics and social life. I try to get involved as much as possible to show them that education is important. I want them to pursue college and to be successful. I know that my involvement is an encouragement to them and they’ve told me countless times how grateful they are for my support. My daughter is always telling me how important my presence is at her school functions and my son will remember when I miss a soccer game. I believe that just the knowledge that children have of a support group, namely their parents, in their corner gives them a sense of purpose. They don’t want to disappoint their parents so they feel this pressure to please. After a while that sense of accomplishment becomes internalized to where they self-motivate themselves and want to do their best, want to get good grades, want to succeed and excel. I feel like it’s my job as a parent to motivate my children to be better than who they are, better than what/who I am, and to work for the things that they want. In conclusion, I believe that the studies conducted by scholars and gathered by Annie Murphy Paul are true. I’ve seen this first hand and I am a product of poor parental involvement. I can see how my involvement in my children’s lives brings positive reinforcement to their academic progression. Personally, I believe that teacher involvement does play a role in a student’s progression but not as great an impact as the parent does on the child. The family is the central learning center for every individual and if a child see’s how important their education is to their parent(s) they in turn want it for themselves to progress. How to cite Why Parenting Is More Important That School, Papers

Project Investigates Factors Related To Fuel-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Investigates Factors Related To Fuel? Answer: Introduction The following study is based on the role of fuel factor influencing sales of Toyota cards in accordance to the geographical areas in Australia. The increased availability and affordability of cars in Australia inspires Australians to travel further than was possible before. The organization Toyota has been performing the operation for a long time in Australia. Thus, it thinks of the sustainability of the environment where it makes the most of its profits. However, in the recent time, it has been observed that organization face a stiff challenge in its operation and selling. This is only because of the shortage of fuel or the unavailability of fuels in Australia. The organization observes a slow growth in sales. The study investigates the factors related to fuel crisis that have strong impact on Toyotas sales. Project Context The research is conducted on the factors associated with fuel availability in Australia that is largely affecting the sales of Toyota. The research is supposed to investigate the fuels by the geographical areas of Australia. The purpose of the report is to measure the type of fuels available regionally across Australia. The fuels are differentiated with the type such as petrol lead, petrol unleaded, total petrol, diesel and others. The fuel is differentiated based on the geographical areas like VL, QLD, SA, WA, TAS, NT and ACT. It has been identified that the use of fuel in these regions has been different. The use of this fuel has been more or less and this is based on the demand in that market. The demand and supply of fuel does not remain in each market. As put forward by Valadkhani and Smyth (2016), Australia, in the coming years are going to suffer oil crisis shortage, crippling suppliers of petrol, diesel within the coming years. It was also studied in the existing report that Australia did not have long-term contracts in place for the supply of crude oil that is further refined into fuel products. Therefore, due to the shortage of these fuel products, the car selling company like Toyota suffers from a significant loss in terms of sales compared to the performance observed in the previous years. Due to the shortage of fuel products, the growth in petroleum industry is limited (Fishman, Washington Haworth, 2014). According to Australia Bureau of Statistics, petroleum and coal products manufacturing is stopped for long. No location for manufacturing the fuel items has been implanted. On other side, the sector also did not any growth in the employment. As the consequence, the exiting car manufacturing company like Toyota suffered a significant crisis of demand. The study examines the fuel factors on the basis of geographical areas affecting sales of Toyota in Australia. Project Proposal Background and problem definition Many car manufacturing firms like Ford and Holden, Toyota is on the verge of stopping its operation in Australia. According to the financial report published in 2016, the overall income of Toyota dropped to 23% to 486.5 billion (toyota.com 2017). In addition, the scenario indicates that coming scenario is not favorable for the organization. The loss could have been adjusted by applying new strategies. However, the shortage in fuel products is the major external challenge faced by the organization in the recent time. The customers are going through the anxiety of crisis of fuel products and the price of fuel products are also increasing. As the consequence, the customers do not dare to make investment in new cars. Aims and Objectives The aim of the project is to investigate the role of fuel factors affecting the sales of Toyota based on the geographical areas in Australia. The project also highlights geographical fuel challenges affecting the organization. It has been studied in the existing report that the country Australia has been suffering from the shortage of fuel products. Like every other car manufacturing organization, Toyota has also observed a significant loss in its operation. In order to analyze the reason for such occurrence, each of segment operation of Toyota has been reviewed. The operation is segmented based on geographical areas, by the types of cars and type of fuels. In order to make the analysis, the data has been collected from secondary sources such as journals, annual reports, published blogs, peer-reviewed articles, newsletter and other sources. Geographical operation of Toyota in Australia The supply and demand of fuel is based on the type of vehicles available in that market. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, sales of vehicle in New South Wales in 2011 were nearly 675,152, followed by 562,844 in Victoria and 653,400 in Queensland. Likewise, in 2015, the overall sales of vehicles in NSW were around 776, 171 and around 632,496 were recorded in Victoria (Abs.gov.au. 2017). Queensland and South Australia have also observed a significant increase in the sales of vehicles. On the other side, the report also indicates almost 84,401 heavy rigid trucks were recorded in New South Wales in 2011; in Victoria, it was nearly 777, 339 and Queensland recorded 69, 292. This figure was changed in 2015 because the sales of heavy trucks increased (Abs.gov.au. 2017). Regions Sale of Vehicles (2011) Sales of Vehicle 2015 Sales of Vehicle 2016 New South Wales 675,152 20,622 21,450 Victoria 562,844 26,160 26,779 Queensland. 653,400 21,060 20,784 Table 1: Sales of vehicles geographically (Source: Abs.gov.au. 2017) Graph 1: Sales of vehicles geographically However, Sang and Bekhet (2015) mentioned that the among the car manufacturing companies in Australia, Toyota is well developed and progressed in its transition to sales as well as distribution organization and will prolong to become a strong force in Australian market. Differentiating by car types As Australia is regionally different, the types of vehicles and their availability have also been different. According to the report provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, two motors vehicles on registered were 6 in 2015 in NSW; in Victoria it was 5 only and in Queensland and South Australia, the numbers were such as 7 and 4. In 2016, the numbers remain the same (Abs.gov.au. 2017). This scenario indicates that sales of two motor vehicles have not been effective in Australia market. On the other side, 3 estimated average age of motors vehicles in NSW in 2015 were 11. 2; the city Vitoria recorded 11.7 and in Queensland, it was around 10.6 (Abs.gov.au. 2017). This figure has not been very effective in last two years, as the figures remain the same for three consecutive years. The plug-in hybrid developed by Toyota gained the popularity because such type of cars can be charged with external power source like 15 amp electric outlet with the capacity of recharging time about 100 minutes (Toma Naruo, 2017). Such hybrid model of cars works as the substitutes of fuel, which is limited in the existing market in Australia. It has been observed that Toyota has been selling hybrid vehicles for more than eight years, which has strengthened the market position. After the global trail, Toyota in the recent time, has been observed to be continuing its leadership with this technology by manufacturing its hybrid Synergy Drive system. Differentiating by fuel types The sales of vehicles have been observed to be different even if they are differentiated with the types of vehicles available. According to the Australia Bureau of Statistics, the number of leaded were around 250,854; like the unleaded were around 11,801,876; petrol were around 12,052,730, diesel were recorded to be 1,464,429 and others were nearly 297,948 (Abs.gov.au. 2017). Likewise, the number of campervans based on leaded petrol were around 8,337; based on the unleaded 9231; based on the petrol were around 17, 656 and based on the diesel were around, 30,629 (Abs.gov.au. 2017). This strategy certainly helped the organization to burn the fossil fuels and being the leader in the Australian market in terms of hybrid cars, the company started giving jitters and throwing its considerable weight behind the hydrogen fuel cells. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of Toyota that are already sold in UK, Denmark, Germany, Norway and Belguim have been delivered to Australia also as the promotional vehicles (Fishman, Washington Haworth 2014). This invention has certainly helped the company to strengthen its internal capability. Proposed Data collection and analysis approaches In order to conduct the research, a secondary analysis will be conducted collecting the data from the secondary sources. The secondary data will be collected from the peer-reviewed journals, books, articles, published blogs and other secondary source. In addition to this, some statistical data will be collected from the annual report of Toyota, Australia. In order to make the analysis, the data finding will be linked to the outcome found in the existing papers. Based on the objectives formed in the introductory section of the report, the data will be analyzed considering multiple opinions of the authors in previous studies. To be more specific, the organizational performance will be compared with the critical discussion provided in the literature. Research Gap The literature used in the discussion lacks the discussion on the factors related to fuel, which creates differences in the market. The literature have only talked about how the sale of cars can be categorized based on the geographical areas. The studies have differentiated the fuel by its types such as petrol lead, petrol unlead, diesel and others but the studies did not discuss the factors that influence this division. The studies did not discuss how the factors related to fuel influence the sales of cars. Milestone and Schedule Serial No. Activities Start Date End Date Duration 1. Selection of topic 05/08/2017 07/08/2017 3 2. Formulation of aim and objectives 08/08/2017 09/08/2017 2 3. Literature review 10/08/2017 19/08/2017 10 4. Research methodology 20/05/2017 23/08/2017 4 5. Data collection 24/08/2017 31/08/2017 8 6. Data analysis 01/09/2017 06/09/2017 7 7. Conclusion 07/09/2017 09/09/2017 3 8. Final submission 10/09/2017 ------- 1 Table 1: Gantt chart (Source: As created by the author) Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the proposed research will provide expected outcome at the end because the research is conducted on the issues that are already identified. In addition, the objectives have been formed based on the issues found. A brief of literature have been provided to find out the existing issues that will be considered in the proposed research. The research objectives make it easy to investigate and analyze the factors related to fuel affecting the operation. However, the implementation of the research will further reveal the actual factors with more details. References Al-Alawi, B. M., Bradley, T. H. (2013). Review of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle market modeling studies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,21, 190-203. Ally, J., Pryor, T. (2016). Life cycle costing of diesel, natural gas, hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell bus systems: An Australian case study.Energy Policy,94, 285-294. Azadfar, E., Sreeram, V., Harries, D. (2015). The investigation of the major factors influencing plug-in electric vehicle driving patterns and charging behaviour.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,42, 1065-1076. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N. (2014). Bike shares impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 13-20. Jayaram, J., Oke, A., Prajogo, D. (2014). The antecedents and consequences of product and process innovation strategy implementation in Australian manufacturing firms.International Journal of Production Research,52(15), 4424-4439. Litman, T. (2014). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions.Victoria Transport Policy Institute,28. Mills, G., MacGill, I. (2014). Potential power system and fuel consumption impacts of plug in hybrid vehicle charging using Australian National Electricity Market load profiles and transportation survey data.Electric Power Systems Research,116, 1-11. Sang, Y. N., Bekhet, H. A. (2015). Modelling electric vehicle usage intentions: an empirical study in Malaysia.Journal of Cleaner Production,92, 75-83. SUGANUMA, U. (2015). The Geography of Toyota Motor Manufacturing.Japan in the Bluegrass, 61. Toma, S. G., Naruo, S. (2017). Total Quality Management and Business Excellence: The Best Practices at Toyota Motor Corporation.Amfiteatru Economic,19(45), 566. toyota.com (2017).New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives. New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives. Retrieved 18 August 2017, from https://www.toyota.com.au/home Ustun, T. S., Zayegh, A., Ozansoy, C. (2013). Electric vehicle potential in Australia: Its impact on smartgrids.IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine,7(4), 15-25. Vaezipour, A., Rakotonirainy, A., Haworth, N. (2015). Reviewing in-vehicle systems to improve fuel efficiency and road safety.Procedia Manufacturing,3, 3192-3199. Valadkhani, A., Smyth, R. (2016). The effects of the motor vehicle industry on employment and research innovation in Australia.International Journal of Manpower,37(4), 684-708. Abs.gov.au. (2017).9314.0 - Sales of New Motor Vehicles, Australia, July 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/9314.0Main+Features1July%202017?OpenDocument

Black Boy Essay Essays - Discrimination, Hatred, Racism,

Black Boy Essay English 9/23/01 Discrimination against Black and Whites (essay topic #8) This story, Black Boy is a great book that describes how the author, Richard Wright, suffered in the South of the United States during the time when there was still a lot of discrimination throughout the country. Since the author explained many of his horrible experiences in the past, this book cannot be written in a thin book. This thick book is full of his great experiences that wanted to be read by many people in the world in order to let everybody know the disasters of racism. This racism affected Richard Write a lot and he had to adapt to the environment that he was in, although he didnt know how he should act in front of white people in the beginning of the story. There are not many examples in the beginning of the story since Richard was a little boy, and he still didnt know about racism. He did know that something was different between black and whites, but he wasnt able to understand it since he was too young. He even talks to himself in Pg. 49 that I had heard that colored people were killed and beaten, but so far it all had seemed remote. There was, of course, a vague uneasiness about it all, but I would be able to handle that when I came to it. It would be simple. If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first. After this, he realized the harshness of racism around his society when Uncle Hoskins got shot by a white man when he was at the saloon. And the reason is just because a black man was earning a lot of money and the white man became jealous. Also after this scene, there is an another example in Pg. 172 where he met his classmate, Ned Greenley who had lost his brother since the whites shot him for a specific reason. Ned s aid, Th-they said he was fooling with a white prostitute there in the hotel. Richard was shocked since he could be in those kinds of situations at any time. Richards starts to think of really going to North soon as possible now. In Chapter nine, there is a scene that is really harsh where Richard sees it, but could do nothing. This scene is at the clothing store for black people where Richard worked. The black employees were treated like slaves in the store; the white owners would push, kick, or slap the blacks. Although Richard saw this scene many times, he never got used to it. Another big thing is the time when Richard sees a black woman getting raped by two white men. This is a part from the book that describes how evil this time of period was. On Pg. 179, it says, White people passed and looked on without expression. A white policeman watched from the corner, twirling his night stick; but he made no move. I watched out of the corner of my eyes, but I never slackened the strokes of my chamois upon the brass. After a moment or two I heard shrill screams coming from the rear room of the store; later the woman stumbled out, bleeding, crying, holding her stomach, her clothing torn. When she reached the sidew alk, the policeman met her, grabbed her, accused her of being drunk, called a patrol wagon and carted her away. When I read this scene, it really hurt my heart. I couldnt believe that the police didnt do anything at all and although the policeman knew that the black woman was raped, he accused her of being drunken. Richard could have thought of saving the woman, but if he did something to the whites, he could be killed. Therefore, Richard wasnt able to do anything. All he could do was to feel sorry for the lady. This doesnt mean that Richard didnt worry about the woman, it was the way how he had to act in the South. After Richard realizes the social cycle between the whites and the blacks at his work place, he sacrifices his morals to save more money. He begins to bootleg liquor to

5 Reasons Why Every Author Should Start a Journal

5 Reasons Why Every Author Should Start a Journal Considered one of the most important 20th-century writers and a master of the stream of consciousness narrative device, Virginia Woolf was an avid diarist. Having experienced a traumatic childhood- including the death of her mother when Woolf was only 13 years old, a mental breakdown, and sexual abuse- the diaries she left behind give us an extraordinary glimpse into the life and mind of one of the most influential authors in 20th century British literature. Without these journals, much of Woolfs influence on narrative style, particularly stream of consciousness as a narrative device and early feminist thought, would not have happened.Woolf was also aware of how much the process of journaling affected her life as a writer. From a diary entry dated April 20th, 1919, she writes:I got out this diary and read, as one always does read ones own writing, with a kind of guilty intensity. I confess that the rough and random style of it, often so ungrammatical, and crying for a word altered, a fflicted me somewhat. I am trying to tell whichever self it is that reads this hereafter that I can write very much better; and take no time over this; and forbid her to let the eye of man behold it. And now I may add my little compliment to the effect that it has a slapdash and vigour and sometimes hits an unexpected bulls eye. But what is more to the point is my belief that the habit of writing thus for my own eye only is good practice. It loosens the ligaments. Never mind the misses and the stumbles. Going at such a pace as I do I must make the most direct and instant shots at my object, and thus have to lay hands on words, choose them and shoot them with no more pause than is needed to put my pen in the ink.From A Writers Diary by Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf was not the only writer who developed much of her writing style via journaling. Before her and after her, writers have used the process of keeping a journal as a way to develop their craft and look deeply into themselves as creatives. Simply put, if you are a writer and do not keep a journal, you are missing out on a valuable tool that can help you in your personal and creative life.Lets discuss some of the many ways keeping a journal can help you as a writer.Photo by Hannah Olinger on UnsplashYou learn your personal thought and behavior patternsWhen we journal as writers and authors, we take a moment to get to know ourselves on a deeper level. Thoughts that might be otherwise fleeting (if not written down) are saved and kept, to be revisited later- whether as self-reflection or measuring the changes that have occurred in ones mind and life.In the process of journaling, we find ourselves looking at our own nature. We examine the things that make us afraid, the things we try to hide from the rest of the world and our families, and even the things we have thought that would never make it past our lips in words to someone else. A journal, in this sense, is like a dear, nonjudgmental friend- someone to wh om we can tell anything and everything and not feel as if the words will be held against us in any way.It is free therapyIf youre a writer, you already know that along with the ability to craft a great poem or story is a disposition that leans toward feeling too much. The same trait that makes you the writer you are can also make you struggle in a world that weighs heavy on the creative soul. Journaling, in this sense, becomes a form of free therapy in which you can explore the traits youve carried that youd like to be rid of, or the reoccurring problems in your life that youd like to move past.Consider this entry, taken from The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910-1913One advantage in keeping a diary is that you become aware with reassuring clarity of the changes which you constantly suffer and which in a general way are naturally believed, surmised, and admitted by you, but which youll unconsciously deny when it comes to the point of gaining hope or peace from such an admission. In the di ary you find proof that in situations which today would seem unbearable, you lived, looked around and wrote down observations, that this right hand moved then as it does today, when we may be wiser because we are able to look back upon our former condition, and for that very reason have got to admit the courage of our earlier striving in which we persisted even in sheer ignorance.The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910-1913It helps you develop your voiceThe simple act of writing daily will do wonders for developing your voice as a writer. Accessing your thoughts, feelings, trepidations and memories- then putting them in written form- allows you to practice a narrative voice that is uniquely yours. This daily practice will develop into a clear, distinct, voice that can then be used in your fiction, even though it is rooted in a nonfiction world.Anaà ¯s Nin, a French-American essayist, short-story writer, and diarist, put it like this: The diary taught me that it is in the moments of emotion al crisis that human beings reveal themselves most accurately. I learned to choose the heightened moments because they are the moments of revelation.Photo by Hannah Olinger on UnsplashThere is an emphasis on process over productWhen you journal, you dont do it with the intention of it being read by an audience. Although, lets face it- if you ever become a famous writer, your journals are likely to be published (think†¦Anaà ¯s Nin, Sylvia Plath, Virginia Wolf, etc.) Since its not written for an audience and there is no one to judge what is being written as good or bad (or just mediocre), the emphasis then is on the process of writing versus the product that results.As with anything- the more you practice, the better you become at whatever you are practicing. While journaling might be different than writing a novel, it is still practice in the process of writing. You are still putting words on the page and finding your voice through a wide spectrum of thoughts, feelings, and emo tions. This adds to your experience as a writer, even if the product (or journal) is never published.Joan Didion, an American journalist, novelist, and screenplay writer, puts it like this:Why did I write it down? In order to remember, of course, but exactly what was it I wanted to remember? How much of it actually happened? Did any of it? Why do I keep a notebook at all? It is easy to deceive oneself on all those scores. The impulse to write things down is a peculiarly compulsive one, inexplicable to those who do not share it, useful only accidentally, only secondarily, in the way that any compulsion tries to justify itself. I suppose that it begins or does not begin in the cradle. Although I have felt compelled to write things down since I was five years old, I doubt that my daughter ever will, for she is a singularly blessed and accepting child, delighted with life exactly as life presents itself to her, unafraid to go to sleep and unafraid to wake up. Keepers of private notebook s are a different breed altogether, lonely and resistant rearrangers of things, anxious malcontents, children afflicted apparently at birth with some presentiment of loss.On Keeping a Notebook by Joan DidionIt encourages personal growthIn much the same way journaling makes space for therapeutic self-discovery, it also creates room for personal growth. In the process of writing down the events of your life- whether insignificant or significant- and analyzing those events (as well as your reaction to them), youll start to see patterns emerge. If those patterns continue to bring toxic people or thoughts into your life, it will become clear eventually, and youll begin to see the necessity of breaking them. If those patterns bring positive relationships and events to your life, youll see the necessity of keeping them. In doing so, this part of journaling encourages personal growth and the removal of negativity from your life.Jonathan Franzen, an American novelist and essayist, explains t he process like this:I had started keeping a journal, and I was discovering that I didnt need school in order to experience the misery of appearances. I could manufacture excruciating embarrassment in the privacy of my bedroom, simply by reading what Id written in the journal the day before. Its pages faithfully mirrored by fraudulence and pomposity and immaturity. Reading it made me desperate to change myself, to sound less idiotic. As George Benson had stressed in Then Joy Breaks Through, the experiences of growth and self-realization, even of ecstatic joy, were natural processes available to believers and nonbelievers alike. And so I declared private war on stagnation and committed myself privately to personal growth. The Authentic Relationship I wanted now was with the written page.From The Discomfort Zone: A Personal History

Planning and Implementing Financial Management Approaches Essay

Planning and Implementing Financial Management Approaches - Essay Example The company is a family business, and has enjoyed brisk sales for the past three years. Team: Store management. Briefly described, the team is in charge of the conduct of day-to-day operations of the store. Team members ensure the shelves are well-stocked, put out the order for deliveries when inventory runs low, adjust prices according to promotional campaigns, and attend to the general maintenance of store equipment and facilities. Type of team budgets: Monthly cash budgets One of the financial plans the team is guided by is the monthly cash budget, a short-term planning and monitoring tool which aids in the planning of cash flows, predicting short-term shortfalls, and monitoring the collection of accounts receivables. Forecasted cash shortfalls enable store management to make the decision as to whether it could draw down on its credit facility with the bank, to cover short-term cash needs when cash at hand is unable to meet the cash needed to cover the month’s obligations. Task 2: A sample of the monthly cash budget used by the store management team at Vital Essence is shown at the end of this report. The purpose of the cash budget is to guide the store manager’s decision as to enhancing store cash sales as well as credit sales, collecting accounts receivables, and disbursing cash in payment of expenses; it is the aim of management to ensure that sufficient cash is available to settle the month’s obligations, thereby avoiding penalties and surcharges associated with past-due accounts. The prompt settlement of fees is also important to maintain the company’s good credit standing among its suppliers and financiers. Achievability – The cash budget shown is considered achievable, because while shortfalls are expected at the beginning of the year, this is seen to be diminishing within the first quarter, and the store is able to attain positive cashflow in the fourth month of the year. Short-term cash inadequacy can be supplement ed by a short-term bank loan which may be resolved by the second quarter of the year. Accuracy – The cash budget plan is not entirely accurate, since it is essentially a forecast and much of the bases for arriving at the amounts are speculative. There are also events during the year which may affect the sales, cash flow, and disbursements in ways which cannot be foreseen at the time the budget was being prepared. It is reasonably accurate, however, for the purpose of observing how any variations in cash flow may affect the activities of the store, and may inform concerning contingency measures that may be taken; therefore, it is also a risk-management tool. Comprehensiveness – The cash budget is not very comprehensive, because there are items which it may have failed to take into consideration because the likelihood of their occurrence in indeterminate. What are usually included in a forward-looking budget are those which are recurrent and have occurred regularly in th e past, or at least with predictability if not regularity, so that the planner has sufficient bases upon which to value the possible cash receipt or disbursement. Task 3 Contingency plan Consequences if the situation or event occurred If only a minor deviation in the plan occurred, then there are no serious consequences foreseen, only an equally minor adjustment may be involved. However, a number of serious consequen

US aiding other countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US aiding other countries - Essay Example Before we begin to discuss the negative consequences of aid, it is important to examine some of the good aspects, in order to dismiss them in the larger scheme of things. First, there are many current instances where the US has gone far in providing relief to the suffering countries. The US military worked harder than that of any other nation in aiding Pakistan to combat the flood disaster which the country has faced recently (Ignatius). An amount of almost $362 million has been spent by the helping nation which has saved over 20,000 flood victims in Pakistan (Ignatius). Indeed, our current president is a big supporter of this style of friendly aid. These are all positive aspects of American foreign policy and are heartwarming. It often goes to help people who are truly in need. This is the good side of aid which everyone supports. But this is far from representing the true aspect of aid which we must face if we are fully understand how negative aid can be on a developing country. In deed, this positive aspect is a kind of mask which aid wears in order to hide its negative side. The truth is that much foreign aid is wasted. The best examples of this can be found in Africa. Africa is certainly one of the world’s wealthiest continents. It has large amounts of oil, timber, and precious metals. Its people are very intelligent and hardworking. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Nigeria have so many resources that it is logical for them to have powerful, vibrant economies. Really, these countries should be the richest in the world. However, this is not the case. All three of these countries have problems with corruption. And their situation is not unique: many African countries rate very high on Transparency International’s list of the world’s most corrupt countries. This is a sad but true fact. Many experts agree that corruption is holding Africa back. But where does corruption come from and

Finance Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Finance Project - Essay Example Stock options encourage managers to maximize shareholder value. Although stock options were once reserved for upper management, there has been a trend to include more employees. Generally, the future purchase price, or strike price, is equal to the market price of the stock at the time of grant. When an employee exercises options, he or she pays the firm the strike price for the shares, regardless of the then- current market price. Employees usually remain with the firm for a specified period before options vest. Upon vesting, the employees may exercise their options. If an employee leaves the firm, outstanding vested and unvested options are forfeited or cancelled. Options not exercised by a date specified in the option contract will expire. When an employee decides to exercise their stock options, they may either purchase the underlying stock at a discounted price or receive an equivalent cash premium. This transfer from the firm to the employee becomes part of the employee's taxable income for the year. Firms now grant stock options to a much broader range of employees for many reasons. A firm's motivation in implementing a stock option plan includes increased employee productivity, the attraction and retention of valuable human capital, reduction of short-run compensation costs, increased cash flows, and higher levels of book income. Individuals, employers,... Stock options' ultimate value to the employee depends on the future stock performance. Consequently, the stock option value is uncertain at the time of grant. Literature Review Arbitrage pricing arguments can be extended to allow for diversifiable risks. In equilibrium, these risks will be fully diversifiable and have zero prices. Thus every asset can be priced exactly (or approximately) as a linear combination of a relatively small number of common factors. Although this is instructive for introducing basic ideas of arbitrage, aggregation, and diversification, we require a multiperiod framework to capture a range of intertemporal problems. For example, we would like to investigate the term structure of interest rates, complicated multiperiod derivative securities, the dynamics of stock prices, and dynamic hedging strategies. It will turn out that our two-period analysis has laid an important foundation for this analysis. By choosing an appropriate dynamic framework, we can generalize our two-date results, and obtain obvious sophisticated reinterpretations of familiar results. Pastor and Stambaugh (2000) provide further details through an investigation of the portfolio choices of an investor seeking a mean-variance efficient portfolio by comparing the risk based model of Fama, and French (1993) and the characteristic based model of Daniel, K. & Titman, (1-33). They report that there is virtually no difference between the risk- and characteristic-based models, as both lead to similar portfolio choices within the investment universe. (Michael, et.al. 119) While debate continues over explanatory basis of the various multifactor models, the essence of the argument remains the

Student Attendance And Achievement

Student Attendance And Achievement The relationship between students attendance and achievement in public schools has become a drawn out issue. Among different studies by scholars, policymakers, specialists, and parents the outcome has been determined there is a positive correlation between school attendance and academics. This group study has evaluated that the number of days students attended school improved their learning. Research has determine, lack of attendance not only affected individual students academically, but also affected the learning environment of the entire school. Reducing the rates of student truancy and chronic absenteeism has been and continues to be a goal of many schools and school systems. Despite the long history of concern over student attendance, the issue has received relatively little attention from educational researchers. If schools can improve the truancy of students, then education will begin to gain academically. It is deem, the more students are between the four walls of the classro om, the better prepared they will become and achievement levels will begin to show improvement. The issue of poor school attendance has been a serious concern for many years. The correlation between attendance and achievement has policy makers and researchers questioning the efficacy of family involvement. According to Sheldon 2007, analyses showed when schools worked to implement the concerns of the school with families, and community partnerships, student attendance improved an average of 5%, whereas in comparison to schools that did not implement such strategy, rates of student attendance declined slightly from one year to the next (Sheldon, 2007). In respect of this declination, the present education climate, policy makers have placed a heavy emphasis on getting more children to stay in school in order to pass or score proficiently on standardized tests. This major push was attributed to the federal (NCLB), No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The importance of this act has placed heavy sanctions on schools with chronic student failure and poor achievement test results. The si gnificance of this act holds school accountable for high levels of student attendance (Sheldon, 2007). The NCLB placed a rigorous implementation on student achievement and individual schools accountability. Given the major push for academic success, the focus should be redirected more heavily on attendance, mobility, socio economic status and educators in order to improve student achievement (Sheldon, 2007). How Truancy Factors Measure up to Achievement According to Sheppard, 2007, the issue on truancy can best be defined as any unexcused or undocumented absence from school taking into account the attendance rules of the state. Every state has their own set of rules regarding the attendance. These rules are designed to determine the age at which a child is required to start school, the age at which a child may officially finish school and the reasons that might be invoked for any excused absence from school (Sheppard, 2007). The true factors on truancy is the evidence of students performing poorly on tests, in the classroom and not completely prepared for real life situations. One of the obvious reasons for the lack of cleared results in the fight against truancy was the complexed phenomenon, occurring as a result of interplay between various determining characteristics of the family structure and the priority placed on education within the home (Sheppard, 2007). In light of evidence research identified three kinds of factors that contributed to truancy. Currently these factors can be situated at the individual, the family, and the school level of concern. In reasoning on the individual level, it has been established that truants are characterized by lower levels of academic self-esteem (p.267). The family level suggested pupils who are often absent tend to display signs of academic anxiety, sometimes even leading to symptoms of neuroticism. On the school level, truancy was most endemic at the age 15, and in general, the problem was more prevalent among boys than among girls, and proved an impossible accuracy task (Sheppard, 2007). Family Involvement According to Anne Sheppard, 2009, poor school attendance and low achievement tended to occur because of parental variables such as low socio-economic status, conflict, neglect, criminal record and mental illness. However, although research has shown that pupils from poorer socio-economic backgrounds had less positive attitudes towards school and learning and lower levels of academic self-concept than their more advanced peers (Sheppard, 2009). It seems that the poorer economical the family structure, the less likely the family unit will be in support of advancing academically especially outside of the classroom. It has also been viewed that the age of the student plays a role in regards to achievement gap. In other words, the differences were not as great as it might have been expected from the achievement gap between the age group up to 16 years, as it were between their socio-economic statuses (Sheppard, 2009). Sheppard suggested the impact of parental involvement was thought to wo rk through parents educational values and aspirations being presented in a positive parenting style, which influenced how pupils perceived education, schoolwork, and their motivation to achieve. If the parents valued higher educational level, the students value would be of equal importance (Sheppard, 2009). In considering this value, the author suggested that parental involvement affected childrens achievement more than school procedures, especially in the primary years. This lack of involvement was determined to have an effect in the later school years in determining the magnitude of learning. This same involvement was perceived in pupils educational aspirations and staying in education rather than measured achievement (Sheppard, 2009). Research and Data Research on truancy among schools, families, peer groups, and individuals factor has slowly evolved according to the results from this study data from principles of middle-high school students of different states. Information on participants came from those who attended an average comprehensive school and based on their percentage of pupils receiving free or reduced school meals. The average targets for these schools were 91.9% (Sheppard, 2009). This figure indicated that all pupils with an attendance below 92% could be considered poor attenders. These attender names were obtained from the participating schools register (Sheppard, 2009). In retrieving such information, an interview was used to elicit in depth pupil descriptions of their parents behavior over matters of school attendance and their explanations of why it occurred. An interview was chosen instead of a written questionnaire as the pupils were judged unable to put detailed responses in writing. The questionnaire was desig ned to give quantifiable data from qualitative questions which would have been suitable for statistical analysis (Sheppard, 2009). Data were collected and throughout the frequency was rated on a 4 point grading scale. The categories determined (0-3), where 0 represented never, 1 represented once or twice a term, 2 represented once every 2-3 weeks and 3 represented once a week or more often students missed school(Sheppard, 2009). In this statistical correlation, researchers viewed in secondary schools, there were correlations between related poor attendance, antisocial behavior, anxiety, low academic attainment and poor future outcomes regarding employment, adult relationships and crime driving the poor academic down turn (Sheppard, 2007). Within the down turn, it was self -evidence that the students that were in truant jeopardy were more likely to have a track record related with law enforcement. Outside of being in jeopardy with the law, good and poor school attenders within the age bracket of 12-13 years of age, were compared on quantifiable measures of their self- reported requested on numerous occasion to be absent from school with parental permission. Results found this age bracket claimed that they asked their parents to allow their absences from school on an occasional or more often basis using illness as an excuse (Sheppard, 2007). Sheppard reported the study done by M. Morris and S. Rutt in 2004, addressed an uneven association between school attendance and achievement with 14-15 year old pupils. Sheppard conveyed this study showed boys underperformed girls with the same level of attendance problem. The report also revealed better attendance among black Caribbean pupils than their white pupils, but the data did not reflect higher achievement. It did show the relationship reflected attendance and achievement varied according to subject between these two groups with poor attendance being associated with poor achievement in English, but not mathematics (Sheppard, 2007). Implication of Time In considering poor achievement in Math and English, author Richard Schiming, 2009, measured the impact of time and students commitments to various course activities one of the major factors students performance where low in given classes. The results were revealing by far, the most valuable and important time commitment in a course was the time actually spent in the classroom proved major improvement. Time spent was the key importance determinant of a student success and each unit of time in the class itself provided, among all the class related activities, proved the greatest improvement in student performance (Shiming, 2009). The importance of students performance was viewed as time spent in a class in discussion sections that accompanied lectures. Also the importance of time spent studying outside of class preparing for the class session itself shown to be effective. Perhaps most surprisingly was the result that the least significant time commitment in improving student performan ce in a particular class was the time spent studying for the tests or quizzes. The greatest positive impact overall daily basis preparing for and participating in class were the students outperform those students who do not attend or skip class regularly (Shiming, 2009). The role of class attendance specifically in this research demonstrated that the lack of attendance was statistically significant in explaining why a student received failing grades of a D rather than an A, B, or C in any specific class (Shiming, 2009). The statistical tests employed found that regular class attendance was a significant determinant in minimizing a students chance of receiving failing grades. This study strongly suggested that regular class attendance can aid significantly by acting as an insurance policy in avoiding a D or an F grade in any given class. Data were also sorted to determine the relative impact of each absence in the students final letter grade for a particular course (Shiming, 2009). The empirical results showed that absence from class was statistically significant in lowering the letter grade of the typical student. Specifically, each absence from class lowered a students grade by 0.06 in a 4.00 grading system. Thus, a student with 10 absences in a giv en term would lower his/her grade by 0.6, which would be the difference between a C plus and a B for example. Therefore making attendance one of the major factors in student achievement and schools accountability (Rutkowski, Gonzalez, Joncas, Davier 2010). Other Factors In recent years truancy has become a contextual and school related problem around the country. This behavior has sparked various governments and educational agencies to develop a stricter policy to reduce truancy levels, mainly based on the argument that truancy was associated with risk behavior, crime and substance abuse. Researchers shown in various countries, school systems and government agencies increasingly perceived truancy as a major and salient problem for the education system (Claes, Hooghe Reeskens, 2009). Other countries have developed a vigorous policy to reduce truancy and other form of absenteeism in order to improve and build the achievement gap. Mainly this new stricter policy was deeming from the fact that police and welfare officers had to effectively control the presence of minors on the streets during school hours (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). Since students were choosing to skip out on being in class learning, law enforcement agencies had to imposed sanctio ns on parents to take appropriate action in truancy matters or be fine, forced to take parenting courses or be prosecuted. If schools were going to change the level of achievement, then the level of truancy must be dealt with in the same manner as risky behaviors like the use of alcohol and illegal drugs or violence (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). Penalties and the Law Legislation firmly states that childrens attendance at school were the responsibility of the parents. Official guidance encouraged education social work/welfare services and school pastoral staff to use largely punitive, or perceived punitive methods, with parents of poor attenders. The findings suggested that by the secondary school years, poor attenders were likely to have a history of inconsistent parental reaction to school absenteeism and perhaps education in general (Sheppard, 2007). Limited research evidence suggested that prosecuting parents of non-attenders did not result in improved attendance. It was concluded that such prosecuted parents tended to be socially excluded and disadvantaged, with financial penalties serving a mixture of deterrence retribution and a culture of blame. Similarly, education policy makers should demand high-quality evaluations and empirical studies to examine the relationship between parental prosecution and childrens school attendance, if educatio n welfare services are to use such legal procedures with conviction (Sheppard, 2007). The key to absences and tardiness were finding the right consequences. Under some schools new policy, when a student misses a single class, he or she does not receive a lower class grade or a zero for missed work. Instead, within a few hours of the infraction the students parents receive a phone call (and, if available, an e-mail), and within 36 hours a staff member meets with the student to inquire about the absence. There after every unexcused absence resulted in after-school detention. The response of this action students showed that they took these consequences more seriously than they took a change in their grades. In the research one student commented, Last year I could skip and nobody cared. This year, if I skip once Im taken to the woodshed (Reeves, 2008). Since the adoption of this new policy, unexcused absences have dropped by 42 percent, the number of disciplinary referrals has dropped by 64 percent, and suspensions have dropped by 37 percent. These results were strikingly consistent with evidence from other schools. When schools improved their grading policies-for example, by disconnecting grades from behavior-student achievement increased and behavior improved dramatically (Reeves, 2008). Conclusion In regards to truancy, data clearly demonstrated that policies should not be based solely on repressive policies, but measures should be included as an instrument in the fight against school absenteeism. Investigating truancy, it has been proven school does make a difference. Schools that encourage participation environments can offer supporting climates that are seen as open environment for participation produced a lower truancy record and performance level increased. Also, schools that intensified the involvement of parents with what goes on at the school, and increased achievement challenges strengthened their supporting school climate (Claes, Hooghe, Reeskens, 2009). The research findings supported the claim that truancy should be considered a vital educational problem. High truancy prevented schools from reaching their goal of providing children with a sufficient level of skills to play a meaningful role in society. As much of a fight against truancy, it has not being eliminated as a school issue, but was looked at as a matter of law and order, a core element concern of the education system. As lifelong learners, professional must recognize that professional practices continue to evolve as reflections are placed on new information. If and when information arises that helps and identify the root of educational challenges and track progress which can more readily develop an action plan that will have a positive impact on students, then a common goal will emerge to see every student succeed.

Henry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 :: William Shakespeare

In act 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into turmoil as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henry's son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending all his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the beginning of the play, Henry saw him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of people, thieves and criminals and for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship improved as Hal acknowledged his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s metam orphosis is seen by the country as a good thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are used to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification. For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, John of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded weaponry lost on the ground, with some of the recently deceased clutching to their weapons to imply that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is remaining at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I would Henry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 :: William Shakespeare In act 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into turmoil as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henry's son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending all his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the beginning of the play, Henry saw him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of people, thieves and criminals and for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship improved as Hal acknowledged his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s metam orphosis is seen by the country as a good thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are used to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification. For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, John of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded weaponry lost on the ground, with some of the recently deceased clutching to their weapons to imply that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is remaining at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I would