The achievements of the rules- essays

The achievements of the rules- essays With the end of the Second World War , the United States wanted to give an early boost to trade liberalization and to begin to correct the legacy of protectionist measures which remained in place from the early 1930s. The combined package of trade rules and tariff concessions became known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), first signed in 1947 and entered into force in January 1948. Drawn up by twenty-three countries, the agreement was designed to provide an international forum that encouraged free trade between member states by regulating and reducing tariffs on traded goods and by providing a common mechanism for resolving trade disputes. As a matter of course, the GATT organised a set of rounds, most of them devoted to continuing the process of reducing tariffs and providing rules to govern international trade. The Kennedy Round in the mid-sixties brought about a GATT Anti-Dumping Agreement and a section on development. The Tokyo Round during the 1970s was the first major attempt to tackle trade barriers that do not take the form of tariffs and to improve the system. The eighth, the Uruguay Round (1986-94), was the last and most extensive of all. It led to the creation of a legal institution, the World Trade Organization (WTO), in order to replace the provisional GATT, and a new set of agreements. In order to assess the achievements of the rules-based system of world trade over the past years, this essay will first deal with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its weaknesses, then with the GATT rounds and its both positive and negative achievements, and finally focuse on the changing international environment that occurred since the last decade. As highlighted by N. Grimwade (2000, pp.323), the main pillar of the GATT system was the principle of non-discrimination, which underlie two principles : the Most Favoured Nation (MNF) treatment clause and the system of national treatment. The...

Innovation in Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Innovation in Organization - Essay Example Moreover, several studies have also highlighted that innovative organizations perform better than the organizations which are non-innovative. However, innovation cannot be an external phenomenon; rather it is purely internal. For a company to get success depending on innovation, it is not sufficient to bring new ideas or products that change the entire market landscape, but the organization must have the ability to absorb the innovation (Agarwal, Erramilli and Dev, 2003; Betz, 2003). The ability of an organization to absorb innovation is critical towards the success of a company. According to Van de Ven, Polley and Venkataraman (1999) â€Å"organizational creation are fundamental to the process of innovation†. The extent to which an organization innovates is the pre-state for the efficient utilization of the new technologies and resources. The introduction of new technology often tenders complex challenges and opportunities for the organizations that in turn lead to changes in the management practices and the emergence of new organizational forms. As a result of that technological and organizational innovation are often stated as intertwined. Schumpeter (1950) also emphasized that innovation in the form of a new product or new process often brings organizational changes and can even be the cause of creative destruction for organizations (Lam, 2004). This study examines the extent of innovation in a chosen organization. In this context, the study will put emphasis on the particular innovation aimed by the organization to deliver to its users, the other possible solutions were considered, the main obstacles and resistance that were met in developing the innovation, networks that were used by actors within and outside the organisation in order to generate, support, and implement the innovation, the procedures that were in place in the organisation to facilitate the selection and development of innovations and the reasons for the success or failure of the in novation. Brief Synopsis of the Company The company chosen for this project is a corporate gift design and manufacturing company. The company currently caters to the domain of innovation of process optimization. Understanding the situation of the market, the company decided to bring some kind of innovation in their system as they consider innovation as one of the major business drivers and is a source of competitive advantage for the firms. Evaluation of product innovation and process innovation, the company identified that the first task is to bring process innovation and simultaneously focus on innovative and creative services. In the recent past, the company has identified certain loopholes in their system of operation and considers those loopholes to be the reason for their low market share. The company also identified that there are several steps involved in closing a call and that is affecting the company in the form of increased lead time and declining market share. The subse quent steps will identify the different factors of the company that are mentioned above.  

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 163

Summary - Essay Example lves to handle the changes in the environment in a period or framework that is way shorter than that provided by the usual mechanisms involved in natural selection. This idea is what research on cancer is focusing on. The process of epigenetics involves chromatin remodeling, a process that involves the modification of the DNA methylation and histone (Burrggrreen, para 1). Burrggrreen adds that the process occurs alongside RNA-mediated modifications and involves self-sustenance loops and structural inheritance (Ho DH 3). There are particular reasons why the study of epigenetics is important today (Suter and Aagaard-Tillery, para 45). They add that pollution and global climate change in relation to global warming means that the human race needs to survive in the continually changing environment. This is in relation to what the two articles by Burrggrreen and Feero et al. have discussed- the body will need to alter its genetic sequence so that it can be able to handle the dangers that both our genetic makeup and environmental changes present. The process of epigenetics occurs without the modification of the gene sequence. The idea of epigenetics has not been fully embraced partly because it is not a part of physiological investigations (Feero et al., para 4). Any change in environment continually affects the subsequent generation since there is suppressing or expressing a certain character. This expressing or silencing of gene does not affect the gene sequence for at least some generations (Burrggrreen, para 1). The understanding of the role played by epigenetic changes in regulating the expression or silencing of genes has seen significant advancement over the past decade. These changes are simple chemical alterations in the DNA that do not affect the chief base-pair sequence of the DNA. In the aforementioned DNA methylation involves enzymatic methylation of the cytosine nucleotides that are found in some regions of the DNA. The transcription does not occur Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 93 Summary - Essay Example The author discusses about the Stone Age era by shedding light on Neanderthals that coexisted with each other at that time. Furthermore, the author explored the concepts of homosapiens. Homosapiens began to formulate a certain religious behaviour. The city of Mesopotamia contained pottery and other artifacts that were made of mud and belonged to temples. Unlike the solidity of the Egyptians tombs the houses seen in Mesopotamia were made from different materials, were shaped as a rectangular mud walls and were covered with a palm trunk roofs. Another ancient place that the book discusses is the Indus valley, Harapan, Mehrgarh and Mohenjo-Daro. These areas are considered some of the most ancient civilizations within Pakistan’s territory. The book then moves onto discusses a brief history from the old civilized Rome. Their comprehensive approach to urban architecture helped the empire construct hundreds of cities throughout the Mediterranean. Finally the book discusses the influe nce Islam had on the overall architectural design of the globe (Kostof and

In support of the legalization of marijuana for medical use Essay

In support of the legalization of marijuana for medical use - Essay Example Medically, the drug has been effectual in treating various diseases as discussed by Jocelyn Elders, the former U.S surgeon in her article, Myths about Medical Marijuana 2004. Still, this research is affirmed by Mathre (8) who in his article outline how the drug kindle appetite and lessen cachexia, alleviate vomiting and nausea linked with cancer chemotherapy, reduce intraocular pressure, and treat analgesia and neurological along with movement disorders. Unlike many drugs prescribed in the market, marijuana does not cause a terminal overdose. No one dies out of overdose due to its therapeutic applications such as decrease of spasms, muscles, chronic pain, and intraocular heaviness. Still, the CDC does not have a category of death by marijuana unlike other drugs approved by the FDA. Deaths have been noted as a result of legal drugs despite having the FDA approval. Although there are perilous effects of smoking marijuana, it has been approved medically to treat some ailments. This pape r seeks to discuss all these issues in detail in support of the legalization of marijuana for medical use. Joycelyn Elders (1) highlights the medical benefits of using marijuana. Her insights are awesome on how the drug relieves pains, reduces vomiting along with other symptoms of chronic diseases. Marijuana does this safely as it is less toxic than other drugs prescribed by physicians. Joycelyn focused her argument on the medical benefits of using the drug in which she believed that it improves the overall quality of patient’s life. From her argument, marijuana is best known to reduce neuropathic or chronic pain. The effect is important to HIV patients who often suffer from such pain and the drug becomes effective in pain reduction. Secondly, marijuana is beneficial in increasing appetite as it stimulates the body’s metabolism. The drug is effectual in reducing the symptoms of chronic diseases such as HIV and cancer as patients lack

Windows NT and Linux :: essays research papers

Windows NT and Linux: An inside look and comparison! One of the many challenges of a corporation, small business or educational institution is how to network the people within and outside the organization. Linux and Windows NT are two network operating systems that suit this purpose well, each having its respective advantages and disadvantages. One organization (Nichols College), began utilizing each operating system for two very different purposes. I will explain the function of the two operating systems and how well they each performed for Nichols. Windows NT  Advantages and Disadvantages  Business with Windows NT Linux  Advantages and Disadvantages  Linux in the Business World  Conclusion: Windows NT or Linux? Windows NT: Its Pluses and Minuses Windows NT (New Technology) is an operating system made and offered by Microsoft. Microsoft first released Windows NT in 1993. The basis of Windows NT is an operating system that controls basic computing functions, such as manipulating files. It is a "multipurpose server operating system that delivers a fully integrated file/print and server environment." Windows NT offers one of the highest levels of compatibility with other operating systems and hardware. It was created to be the most integrated, extensive, and easy operating system and it comes in two ways:  For desktop PC's  For server computers (supporting computer networks). Windows NT has both positives and negatives. Some of the advantages include: Integration Performance Reliability Security Manageability Internet Access. Windows NT Server allows all applications to be utilized from the Windows NT Directory Service or NTDS. This has a network logon to all servers and services that it provides and its advantage: Only one user database is needed for the whole system. Windows NT also allows integration with other hardware and operating systems; and files and applications from other servers such as Unix and NetWare. This gives users the ability to install Windows NT knowing that it can fit with their current network. The performance for Windows NT: It runs applications faster, especially 32-bit applications. It is also faster than Windows 95 on 32 MB machines or more. Window NT provides graphical user interfaces (GUI). Definition of GUI - designs used as symbols that make a function visible to the user quicker than having to look for it. As far as reliability, Microsoft has a clustering middleware, named "Wolfpack" that provides fault-tolerant clustering on mainstream PC server hardware. ****Windows NT also provides memory protection and preemptive multitasking, a journalized recoverable file system, and RAID striping with parity.

Exploration of Irony and Surprise Essay

Irony and surprise are common literary devices authors use to communicate their ideas when writing literary works. Irony allows the writer to suggest an interpretation that is different from the literal meaning of the words used in the text. The element of surprise allows the writer to manipulate the reader’s expectations and take them somewhere completely different. In the short stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use the element of irony and surprise to engage readers and to develop deeper levels of meaning in their text. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, O’connor uses several kinds of irony to communicate her message about the human condition. The foreshadowing of irony is established in the very beginning of the story when she gives us the reason for the grandmother getting dressed for the car ride. â€Å"In case of an accident anyone seeing the dead on the highway would know at once that she was lady. † The grandma is a character that is narrow-minded, ignorant, and critical of others but not of herself. She has the idea that the goodness of a person can be determined by their physical appearance and outward behavior. After the car crash,the Misfit makes an appearance and the grandmother recognizes the Misfit. His politeness, which is sincere but also done to put the family at ease, draws out the grandmother’s assessment of the Misfit: â€Å"Listen,† the grandmother almost screamed, â€Å"I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! † At the beginning of the story, her opinion about the Misfit is quite the contrary but realizing the Misfit intends harm, she changes her opinion to save herself. The dramatic irony occurs towards the end of the story when the grandma who has been superficial till this point, is in her final moments alone with the Misfit and is able make sense of everything that has gone wrong in her life. She has an epiphany and feels sympathy for the Misfit as â€Å"one of [her] own children. † She is showing that she has found the ability to see others with compassion and kindness but this consciousness is immediately followed by three bullets to her chest. In Happy Ending by Margaret Atwood, we can trace the irony in the story’s title in relation to its content. In story A, we are given a perfect story of what an ideal marriage should be but the John and Mary still die and that is not a happy ending. Atwood challenges the reader to engage with all that happens in the middle because the journey is the interesting part In story A, John and Mary appear to be happy because they possess the ideal elements to a happy lifestyle: fabulous jobs, money, children, a large home, and personal luxuries. However, at the end of the story, they just die and the story comes to an end. As the stories progress, the characters’ lives become a bit more complicated, but they still always end up at story A, and they die in the end. At the end. By the end, all one can say is the fact of what has happened, not the â€Å"how† or the â€Å"why† of the situation. In story A, how do all these things make the couple happy. Why? They’re really not happy at all and have no actual story to tell. A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use the element of surprise to manipulate the reader’s expectation. In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, the contribution of surprise can be traced in the plot line. The story strings the reader along in believing it is about a comedic family vacation with funny situations that happen along the way. We reach a turning point when the family car crashes and encounters the Misfit, everyone dies of a tragic death that is caused by the grandma. In Happy Endings ,the title misleads the reader in assuming the story would have a happy ending but in fact every ending leads to death. A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use irony to reveal the less obvious truths about the human condition. Both authors use the element of surprise is use to take the readers down an unexpected path. Both of the short stories integrate the elements of irony and surprise seamlessly in their works. I personally enjoyed reading and analyzing A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor more than the other one because it is a higher quality story with a richer plot line and character development. The story is crafted beautifully.

Nietzsche Human, All Too Human - 973 Words

Nietzsche has had one of the greatest and most profound impacts on philosophy and modern thought. Nietzsche was one of the first existentialism thinkers who coined the phrase â€Å"God is dead.† In other words, Nietzsche realized that all human beings wrestled with certain difficulties and existentialist in life that is all apart of being human. Many of Nietzsche’s work was determining and distinguishing the desire to know the struggles of life anywhere from ideas, religion, species, science, thought, and many more. Nietzsche also believed that once something died that something else comes into its existence and replaces the old with the new. This idea is profound and heavily influenced with how things work in nature and how life continually evolves and advances into an existential reality simply driving life in its most natural way that we must come into a correspondence with in order to embrace. Throughout Nietzsche’s life and work there are three main topics t hat should be taken into a deeper depth of light and discussed which consist of Nietzsche’s ideas of morality, religion, and a more in depth look into his most famous phrase â€Å"God is dead.† To begin with, Nietzsche had a very strong belief in two moralities that consist of the master morality and the slave morality. The master morality is a life affirming that manifest the power, a realization of one being noble, and a superior status. According to Nietzsche, masters are considered to be unrestrained, audacious, open, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Friedrich Nietzsche ´s Book 5 of The Gay Science Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gay Science, Nietzsche establishes that â€Å"God is dead†, meaning that modern Europe has abandoned religion in favor of rationality and science (Nietzsche 279). From this death, the birth of a ‘new’ infinite blossoms in which the world is open to an unlimited amount of interpretations that do not rely on the solid foundations of faith in religion or science. However, in contrast to the other philosophers of his age such as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Nietzsche deviates from theRead MoreThe Western Philosophical Tradition By Friedrich Nietzsche844 Words   |  4 Pagesfact green and the sky was in fact blue. However, Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, challenges the Western Philosophical Tradition and their imperialistic ways. Nietzsche proposes the Western philosophical Tradition to be arrogant. He says humans are â€Å"remote† emphasizing the lack of importance humans claim they have. Nietzsche situates the scope and significance of the human intellect on a cosmological scale. He says humans put themselves at the center of things and deem their views toRead MoreEssay on Friedrich Nietzsche1595 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was born near Rocken a small town in the Prussian province of Saxony, on October 15, 1844. Ironically the philosopher who rejected religion and coined the phrase god is dead was descended from a line of respected clergymen. Nietzsche completed his secondary education at the exacting boarding school of Pforta. A brilliant student, he received rigorous training in Latin, Greek, and German. In 1864 the young man entered the University of Bonn to study theology and classical philologyRead MoreExamining Good and Bad Conscience in Friedrich Nietzsches Genealogy of Morals1625 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche is recognized for being one of the most influential German philosophers of the modern era. He is known for his works on genealogy of morality, which is a way to study values and concepts. In Genealogy of Morals, Friedrich Nietzsche mentions that values and concepts have a history because of the many different meanings that come with it. Nietzsche focused on traditional ethical theories, especially those rooted in religion. Not being a religious man, he believed that human life hasRead MoreNietzsche s Philosophy On Personal Life And Education1200 Words   |  5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a Germ an, writer, poet, thinker and philopher. He was renowned for his ideas on the end of religion, existentialism and the concept of good and evil. Nietzsche focused essentially on the end of religion. He once declared that â€Å"God is dead†, a statement that decidedly defied Christianity as well as morality. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he was rapt in the development of â€Å"individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and down-to-earthRead MoreFeuerbach and Nietzsche877 Words   |  3 Pages Humans need the appearance of some sort of structure to live. They need rules to live by to tell them whether or not they are living â€Å"right†, in a good way or a bad way. We humans have come up with many different ways to tell whether we are living right â€Å"right† or not. We have come up with all of the different types of religions and the different sets of morals , all of which change throughout history and time depending on and reflecting it’s episteme. How can any religion or set of morals be consideredRead MoreAtheism: Nietzsche and Palahniuk Illustration of God1288 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex questions are redundant. The answers to all these questions revolve around one thing: us. We create who He is. We determine what He values. We determine what He believes. We determine whom He loves. We created God. What we should truly be asking is: Does one need God? The necessity of God is discussed at length in Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, â€Å"On the Genealogy of Morals,† wherein he states that since we create morals our own morals, God is too a social construct, who is different for everyRead MoreFriedrich Nietzsche, The German Philosopher965 Words   |  4 PagesTia Holenstein Professor Tevanyan RS 100 20 October 2015 Nietzsche and Agnosticism I chose to conduct my research on Friedrich Nietzsche, the German philosopher. One of the main reasons I decided on him, is because of my personal beliefs. I am agnostic and Nietzsche’s philosophy has an atheistic view on religion, which I resonate with. Nietzsche was born in a small village in Germany on October 15th 1844. He often spoke of an idea called â€Å"life-affirmation†, which basically means questioning everythingRead MoreNietzsche And Jean Sartre s View On The Death Of God882 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 19th and 20th century, Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean Sartre were two of the most prominent existentialist philosophers. The work that these philosophers have contributed to the existentialist school of thought has been regarded as the most ground breaking and controversial views on the meaning of life. This essay will provide a critical analysis of Nietzsche’s famous idea of the â€Å"Death of God† and Sartre’s extensive work on the theory â€Å"existence precedes essence†. In addition, it shallRead MoreEssay on Nietzsche1296 Words   |  6 PagesNietzsche I think that the three questions that I will try to find answers are highly interconnected with each other and because of this reason, I will not answer them separately. I will be answering them without order. First of all, from my interpretation of Nietzsche, modern humanity did not invent the idea of God. Rather the God had a functional role from his point of view. There is no doubt that, modern humanity had the idea of God, but in my opinion, this idea was like a heritage to the